Case Studies

Case Study I

District: Kangra
Block: Panchrukhi
Village: Tarhel
Road Name: Padhiarkhar Jandpur to Trehal Road

I Tarhel - Mr. Kalyan Chandra is residing in this village since birth and at present is selling vegetables. His place of work i.e. the mandi is 4 kms. away from his residence. Every day he had to go to the mandi twice to take another lot in the second time. This was creating a lot of discomfort and was finding it very tiring & difficult to continue. After, road construction under PMGSY, seeing the potential (early mover) he decided to get rid of the vegetables business and started a new business of furniture making by opening a shop. The idea was propelled because of the high demand of locally made good furniture and easier movement of the people from nearby villages. Another reason was easy availability of raw material i.e. wood and the furniture could be easily put on display near the new road. He installed the machine (Aara Machine) to give shapes as desired. Now lot of village people approach him not only from the same village but adjoining villages because of his good work. The productivity has also increased. He has also provided employment to 2-3 helpers. His income level has also gone up and his life style has also changed. He is now able to snd his children to the private school for better education. So we see a change in the employment pattern from this case study and the kind of benefits which can accrue.

II Tarhed - Mr. Sheruram , caste (SC) has been residing in this village since birth. At present his age is 50 and is staying with his wife and three children. He was having his small flourmill and his daily income was around Rs. 80-100. After the PMGSY road was constructed, he is having a lot of work due to the access and demand from other nearby villages. Apart from this, he has also purchased a thresher. Now because of the road there is easy movement, so many people from the area take the thresher on rental basis. His income has increased from Rs. 80-100 to Rs. 200-250 per day. His life style has also changed and economically he is able enjoy modern life. Recently, he purchased one TV and one CD player. He is also planning to purchase one 'Maruti' car to take the patients to hospital.

Case Study II

District: Kangra
Block: Panchrukhi
Village: Biara
Road Name: Chatter to Biara Road

I Biara - Mr. Jograj was farmer and was finding it difficult to meet day-to-day expenditure. He started stitching wok at Panchmukhi on daily basis. After the construction of road he started his own shop and helped his brother to open the shop of scooter repairing. Both shops are running very well and in profit. Workload has increased very much, so he has engaged two more boys to help and assist him on daily wages. Both boys also very happy, as they have got employment at village itself.

Case Study III

District: Kangra
Block: Baijnath
Village: Jhikli Beth
Road Name: Beth Jhikli to Beth Uperli Road

I Jhikli Beth - Mr. Chatar Singh, resident of above mentioned village and working as a labour. His income was very low as labour charges are very less and was finding it very difficult to meets his two ends and was hand to mouth & was not able to earn sufficient money, which is essential to run a home. After PMGSY, he started catering near the road, gradually, it comes on track and making profit and his business is running smoothly. Previously as a labour he used too get Rs. 65/- per day, while from this new business, he is making Rs. 150-200/- per day. Other people also inspired and have opened number of shops including a PCO. Lot of people have got employment after construction of road under PMGSY.

Case Study IV

District: Kangra
Block: Baijnath
Village: Jhikli Beth
Road Name: Beth Jhikli to Beth Uperli Road

I. Jhikli Beth - Biharilal a native of village Jhikli Beth runs his won grocery shop for the last five years, came forward to embrace PM's grand vision. The beneficiary reflected his viewpoint that the construction of road has left a deep impact upon his life. He between his pre and post social / economic status. Prior to the construction of road, he was facing lots of problem in maintaining / balancing the inventory - level due to inaccessibility or lack of transportation modes. On an average he use of earn Rs 100/ day or at time he has to remain contented with Rs 50-60/ day. Due to the meager income level of the villages, the procuring power / purchasing capacity of the same, definitely not in the position to upgrade his income profile. The commissioning of PMGSY project and the appearance of concrete - road on the village scene, have patronized many of its denizens in the form of employment opportunities and thereby the increased income level of the villages. This increased to improve his income-level, as the purchasing power of the villagers have gone up. At present his business is making headway and he is earning Rs 150-200/ day. The expansion of his business have compelled him to engage a boy as helper, since, handlings right from the purchase of material and upto dispatch of the same is not possible all alone. After critically examining his case. The inferences can be drawn as:

• Strengthening the socio-economic status of the beneficiary.
• Quicker and smoother delivery of the grocery items.
• Capacity - building of the beneficiary by providing network to the well defined markets.

Case Study V

District: Una
Block: Gagret
Village: Keori
Road Name: Gagret OCL Ispur to Jadla

I Keori - Mr. Tarsem lal is residing in village Keori since birth. His age is 52 years and lives with his wife and three children. His house is situated around 100 meters away from road. His father was a grocer and at present is staying with his son. Before the construction of this road, he has to devote one or two days to fetch the material from city. Now situation is different. Time consumption has been reduced dramatically after construction of PMGSY. His life style has totally changed. Previously his income was Rs. 40-50 while at present his income is almost doubled to around Rs. 100-150 /- day.

Case Study VI

District: Una
Block: Gagret
Village: Jadla
Road Name: Gagret OCL Ispur to Jadla

I Jadla - Shri Tarsenlal son of Sh. Ramaje residing in village Jadla, Block Gagret. His age is 37. He has two daughters and one son, 1st daughter's age is 12 years and is studying in 4th standard, second daughter is of 7 years and studying in 1st standard. Son is 10 years and is studying in 5th standard. His wife's name is Taradevi and her age is 30 years. He started his career very early age as a grocery shopkeeper (kirayanna shop). His father was also a grocer. He adopted same profession as his 4 brothers settled in some different field. His 1st brother is unmarried and his 4 sisters are married. His parents are staying with him. Father also helps him by sharing his experience in the field of grocery. Recently his brothers gave a T.V. to his father. Dowry system still exists and he paid dowry of Rs. 25000/- for each of his sisters. As per his view marriage system should be improved. Previously barat stayed for more than 3 days but now it is 1 day only.

By this new road, he has been benefited by all ways & means and other people residing in the village. Previously whatever material of the shop came had to be unloaded near the village and the villagers found it very difficult in shifting material. Now this process of loading and unloading has become very easy and convenient to all, as material comes through new road to his shop directly. Not only he has been benefited but the whole village has been benefited from this point of view.

Previously no doctors visited their village as there was no approach road but now Doctors easily visit their village and have helped in saving lives of the patients. Previously his earnings were around Rs. 100/- per day but at present he making almost Rs. 250/- pre day. He can make more money of as the Government has provided him an automatic tri-cycle as he is handicapped and was finding it difficult for movement. Previously he got the newspaper at 11.30 A.M. but now he gets it at 7.00 A.M. due to this new road. Previously the rate of land was very low but at present the rates have appreciated quite a lot. Previously Government officers hardly visited their village, but now the frequency of their visits has increased. Previously it was a difficult task to bring the L.P. Gas from city, but at present the distributing agency people approach them to provide the LPG cylinder at their doorstep. Before the construction of this road, there were only 4-5 shops but now there are more than 15 shops.

Case Study VII

District: Una
Block: Dundla
Village: Chauli
Road Name: Bhalon to Chauli Sohari Road

I. Chauli - Rajesh Chauhan , a dweller of village Chauli, resending since last 40 years, revealed his past morbid living - style because of the kuccha road. He narrated his ugly past experiences before the consultant that his house is adjacent to the this road and hence before the construction of road, during the monsoon season and in the dry - season, his house was subject to either water clogging for 24 hours or heavy soil erosion form the kuccha road. The situation further got aggravated with the conversion of water into marsh and dust particles taking shelter into his house and on the dried up clothes.

He further stated that the pre - construction hellish experience hardly exists after the appearance of concrete road and expressed his heartfelt gratitude towards PMGSY project. The positive impact in his case is visible in the form of cleanliness and awareness for health and hygiene aspects. Now his children are looking neat and clean, alongside with the total clean picture of his house. Since he is mentally relieved of this problem, he is contemplating to start new shops in line of fertilizer and cement, due to the improved economy of the village in totality. Reading his mindset, this can be viewed as a substitutional impact, which he is willing to encash. An analytical contrast between the pre and post scenario as expressed by the beneficiary.

Case Study VIII

istrict: Una
Block: Dundla
Village: Bhindla
Road Name: Bhalon to Chauli Sohari Road

Easy access (starting of new bus service) to transportation services in village Bindla

I. Bhindla - Satpal Singh , a native of village Bhindla, running his own transport (Bus service) was taken for case study. As reported by him his bus - services is between 'Una' and 'Bhindla'. Before the construction of road, mobility on the rough terrain, many times ended in broken tyres and damage to other parts of the bus. The miraculous impact of 'PMGSY' project is clearly visible with the exaggerated leap in his business expansion programme. At present he is running 4-5 bus services in view of only one bus service and consequently his income has taken an upward swing even the consumption of diesel on this smooth surface is slightly on the lower side.

• Imparting better education to his children.
• Reduction in accidental incidences.
• A paradigm of an individual success story.

II. In another case study in the same village, Chandrasekhar a shop owner by profession, clearly manifested the improved income after the PMGSY project. In an interactive session with the consultant, he revealed increase in economic condition of the household because of the frequent mobility of the people from nearby areas. He narrated that he is basically a small farmer and he is experiencing impact on this front also. Now the fertilizers and seeds are easily available to him. He further stated that the idea of expanding his shop, coined up after the emergence of road in the village scene. At present he has added some green vegetables in his shop, which he himself is growing in his farm. Now he is sending his daughter to a good private school. After evaluating his case study, the consultants minute observation arrived at a logical conclusion as:

• Increase in his off farm employment.
• Improvement in the socio economic status.
• Imparting better education to his children.
• Increased agri - production.

III. Ashwini Dogra, another native of the same village and a shop owner by profession revealed his personal experience and speaking in favour of the project. Prior to the construction of road, he has to travel a distance of 32 Km to procure things of daily items for his shop in the process income of that particular day becoming almost zero. Further due to the meager income of the villagers, even the customers were limited. After the advent of the road, the things required for his shop are easily available, as the same is delivered through a well-defined delivery schedule and one-day wastage in traveling no more subsists. With greater mobility of the villages his sale has increased and resultantly increase in income level. With increase in the attendance of school going children his sale has further gone up since the children in great number have started purchasing sweets and biscuits form his shop.

Case Study IX

District: Una
Block: Dundla
Village: Chauli
Road Name: Bhalon to Chauli Sohari Road

Mr. Mohan Singh, Opening of new furniture shop after construction of PMGSY road in village

I. Chauli - Mohan Singh, a resident of village Chauli is a carpenter by profession and is running his furniture house at Sohari since the last 10 years. His home is located at Bhindla 8 Km. away from 'Sohari'. In an interactive session with the consultant, he pointed out that prior to the construction, he was unable to devote his time with his family as his shops is at a far off place and there was hardly any mode of transport to that place. Further due to the pathetic condition of the road very few customers used to visit his shop. On an average he earned Rs 200/ day. The post construction phase has brought a revolutionary change in his life as his income has gone up to the tune of Rs 300-400/ -day. A business started with an initial investment of Rs 25,000 has reached to a level of Rs 1,50,000.

Though the single focal point of his economic / social status remains his workshop, but he is experiencing benefits at various epicentric points, major ones being:

• Improvement in the family education level.
• Improvement in health and hygienic aspect by adopting various preventive and curative measures.
• Easy availability of raw material.
• Future planning for a new venture in the already existing business.

As reported by him, the post construction indirect benefit have emerged to be manifold and bestowed its blessing amply.

II. Harkesh Kumar, native of village Chauli runs his own grocery shop for the last three years, also came forward to appreciate the 'PMGSY' project. The beneficiary reflected his viewpoint that before the construction of road, the cost of transportation was very high and above all he had to spend whole day in travel only. It is for this reason he had to shut down the shop quite often. This indirectly affected his business and that day's income was gone. The construction of road has reduced the time consumed in traveling and as such his shop remains open throughout the year. At present, he devotes maximum time at his shop and subsequently his income level has gone up, on an average he used to earn Rs 200-250/ per month which at present has improved to a level of Rs 500/- per month. He further narrated that he is planning to expand his business so that he can provide better education to his children.

III. Bisambhardas a native of village Chauli runs his own grocery shop. In an interactive session with the consultant, he reflected his viewpoints that in the past he faced lots of difficulty on timely delivery of grocery items. The beneficiary reflected that the construction of road has left a deep impact into his personal life. At present the materials / produce required for the shop is easily available at his place. He further narrated that the impact of urbanization can be noted from the villagers life style people at present have started sing soaps, shampoo due to greater exposure to the urban areas. His daily income was Rs. 40-50/-, which at present has increased to a level of Rs 100-150/- per day. With this improved income he is in a position to impart better education to his children. To sum up he expressed his gratitude to the PMGSY project.

III. Gurdayal Singh, another native of the same Chauli village runs his own auto repairs shop. Apart from this he is also a farmer by profession. He narrated his viewpoint that there are lots of differences between the pre and post construction situation, which personally he himself is experiencing. Before the construction the fertilizers seeds and other inputs required to boost the agri-production hardly reached on time. This problem hindered his other business and he was unable to do justice to both. The present concrete structure has helped him maintain equilibrium between his two businesses, as the pre - construction constraint no more exist. He further narrated that he coined up the idea of upgrading his small shop only after the PMGSY project. His business expansion plan further multiplied as he added one PCO shop also. On an average his daily income is Rs 300-400/-. Since the road is converted into all weather motorable road, frequent movements of VIPs and other people is noticed. Any problem or damage in their vehicles supports his business to flourish. At present with his improved economy, he is living a quality life.

Case Study X

District: Una
Block: Gagret
Village: Jadla
Road Name: Gagret OCl Ispur to Jadla

I. Jadla - Sudesh Kumar, a resident of village Jadla was basically an unemployed person. Occasionally he used to find some employment as labourer and somehow was able to meet his both ends meet. The appearance of road has revolutionized his life and extended help in the form of selecting a stable employment for himself. He has started a new shop through the help of the villagers. At present his business is running smoothly and he is in a much stable position to provide quality life to his family. He is in a position to return all the debts, which he had incurred. He further narrated that he is planning to enhance his business by adding / enhancing the product line. Above all he in a position to provide education to his children, his social status has also improved to some extent, due to the improved economy.

Case Study XI

District: Una
Block: Haroli
Village: Singan
Road Name: Baliwal to Bathu Singan Road

Mr. Pramod Singh in his poultry farm after construction PMGSY Road

I. Singan - Pramod Singh a native of village Singan is a son of poor farmer. His father is no more and he is taking care his sister and mother. When the field investigation team went there, he himself came forward to express his gratitude to the PMGSY project. He started narrating his past life, that with an small investment of Rs 50,000/- he opened a poultry farm alongside the road. As reported by him there is a gulf of variation between his pre and post socio-economic status, now. Prior to the construction of road, he was facing lots of problem in purchasing the hens due to hindrance on mobility ground and lack of transportation modes. He could manage keeping only 400 numbers of hens. The commissioning of PMGSY project and the appearance of concrete- road on the village scene has brightened his business as the procurement of raw material has become easier on the smooth surface.

His business is making headway day by day and his annual earning has accelerated from Rs 5000 to Rs 30, 000. He has also purchased a new bike for himself due to the increased income as the business flourished resultantly the social-status has also gone up. (Please refer photograph no.2 of the beneficiary which is enclosed at the end of the report in Annexure)

II. Ashok Kumar another dweller of the village Singan is a tailor by profession. There are in all 11 members in his family. On an average he earns Rs 3000/- month. In an interactive session with the consultant he pointed but that the construction of road has helped him a lot in the form of timely delivery of raw material likes : threads, buttons, parts of machine etc. earlier i.e before the construction of road he himself has to go to the township to procure the same. He further stated that mobility on such a road was a tiresome, irksome experience. The situation further got aggravated during the monsoon season as the area used to get disconnected. The post construction phase has simply changed his life. His social interaction with the nearby villages has increased and above all he has established some new relationship. Further he is in better position to up bring his children properly. His children at present are receiving good education in the private school. As per him, this is possible only because of 'PMGSY' project. (Please refer photograph no.1 of the beneficiary which is enclosed at the end of the report in Annexure)

Case Study XII

District: Una
Block: Haroli
Village: Gondpur Jaichand
Road Name: Baliwal to Bathu Singan Road

I. Gondpur Jaichand - Anup Agnihotri a dweller of village Gondpur Jaichand having qualification of plus two was unable to generate any permanent employment for himself. He was totally in a state of disappointment, then all of a sudden he thought of running his own Atta-Chakki mill (flour-mill). In an in depth interview with the consultant he revealed that he was enjoying the monopoly power in the village in this line. Subsequently the income level of the household increased and he was in a very comfortable position. With the advent of the 'PMGSY' project many people coined up the idea and took initiative in this direction this resulted in a decreased economy of an individual and an upgraded economy of the villagers in general. The beneficiary further added that the construction of road has helped many of the rural populace in achieving a sustainable employment. At present the beneficiary is happy that every body in the village is engaged / employed in some or the other activity as the village at present remains humming whole day.