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Research Areas

Chapter II - Socio - Economic Profile

State Profile

Tamil Nadu is situated on the eastern side of the southern tip of the Indian Peninsula at North Latitude between 8ยบ5' and 13ยบ35' and East Longitude Between 76ยบ15' and 80ยบ20'. It has an area of 130058 sq km. It has long coast line with Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean and is bounded by Andhra Pradesh in the north, south-west with Kerala and north-west with Karnataka.

Administrative Set up

Tamil Nadu State has been divided into thirty districts and each district has further been divided into number of Blocks for effective administrative control. The district map of the State is placed at Map 2.1.

Map 2.1

Suggestions and Recommendations

Demography

As per the 2001 Census total population of the State stood at 62,110,839, comprising 31,268,654 males and 30,842,185 females. The population of the State constitutes 6.05% of the all-India population. The decennial rate of growth of population from 1991-2001 was 11.2%. The details are presented in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Demographic Indicators (in Numbers)

Item Persons Male Female
Population      
Total 62110839 31268654 30842185
Rural 34869286 17508985 17360301
Urban 27241553 13759669 13481884
Literates      
Total 40624398 22847735 17776663
Rural 20568177 11954965 8613212
Urban 20056221 10892770 9163451

As per the Census (2001), about 56% per cent of the State population lives in rural areas. The sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) was 986 which is higher than the National figure of 933. The population density was reported to be 478, which is also higher than the all-India figure of 324. The literacy rate for the State was observed to be 74.5% and that for male and female population was 82.3% and 64.6%, respectively.

Work Force

The total workers in the state constituted about 45% of the total population of which 65% were male workers and the remaining 35% female workers. 63% were employed in the rural sector and only 36% were in the urban sector. The details are presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Occupational Structure

S.No. Items No. of Persons
1.  Main Workers 23684611
2.  Marginal Workers 4127036
a.  Cultivators 5114384
b.  Agricultural Labourers 8665020
c.  Household Industry 1458546
d.  Other Workers 12573697
3.  Total Workers (1+2) 27811647
4.  Non-Workers 34299192
5.  Male Workers 18153275
6.  Female Workers 9658372
7.  Rural Workers 17572083
8.  Urban Workers 10239564

Agriculture

The principal crop of the State is Paddy. The other major crops include Sugarcane, Groundnut, Pulses, Cotton and Millets. The total cultivated area in the State was 6,338,109 hectare in 2000-01, of which 84% was Net Area Sown and 16% was area sown more than once.

Industries

The total small scale industries registered in the State during 2000-01 was 32658. The total man days generated was 33.55 crores. The Khadi industries mainly produced different kind of fabrics like cotton, woolen, silk and muslin of which there was predominance of silk fabric.

State Income

The Net Sate Domestic Product at Current Prices for 2001-02 was 13, 091,746 lakh. The per capita income for the same year at Current Prices was Rs. 20,975 and at Constant Prices (base year :1993-94) it was Rs. 13,055.

District Profile

Kancheepuram District

Kancheepuram, the temple town and district headquarters is situated on the northern Coast of Tamil Nadu adjacent to by Bay of Bengal and Chennai city. It is bounded in the west by Vellore and Thiruvannamalai districts, in the north by Thiruvallur and Chennai districts, and in the south by Villuppuram The district has an area of 4455 sq. kms and a coastline of 57 kms.

The district has been divided into 3 revenue divisions comprising of 8 taluks with 1214 revenue villages. For development purposes, it is divided into 13 Development Blocks with 648 Village Panchayats.

As per 2001 Census, Kancheepuram had a population of 28.69 lakh, which is about 4.6% of the total State population. Of the total district population 51% were male. The decadal growth (1991-2001) was 18.8%, which is higher than the State growth rate (11.2%). The details are brought in Table 2.3

Table 2.3 Demographic Indicators (in Numbers)

Item Persons Male Female
Population      
Total 2869920 1455302 1414618
Rural 1335189 673387 661802
Urban 1534731 781915 752816
Literates      
Total 1980898 1096992 883906
Rural 798355 455147 343208
Urban 1182543 641845 540698

The sex ratio for 2001 was 972 as against 962 in 1991. The population density was 647, which is much higher than the State figure indicating it is a densely populated district. The literacy rate in the district was 77.6% and for male and female it was 84.8% and 70.2%, respectively.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people with 47% of the population engaged in it. Paddy is the major crop cultivated in this district. Groundnuts, Sugarcane, Cereals & Millets and Pulses are the other major crops.

The total forest area in the district is 23,586 hectares, it spreads to the interior regions and around the district. In this forest area there are 366.675 hectares for reserved land. The forest produce comprise 76.50 MT of Fuel wood and 8.039 tonnes in Cashew.

About 75% of Kancheepuram's population is dependent on the Silk Saree Industry, either directly or indirectly. The Silk industry is entirely made up of Handloom weavers and merchants. There are 24 co-operative societies, of which about 18 are very large. Most of these societies are now run under the control of the Government of Tamilnadu. The total number of weavers who work under the co-operative sector today is close to 50,000. In the private sector, there are over 200 manufacturers in Kancheepuram alone.

Coimbatore District

The district is located in the North West part of the State at 10o 12' and 11o 57' Latitude and between 76o 39' and 77o 56 Longitude. The district has an area of 7469 sq. kms.

The district has been divided into 3 Revenue Divisions comprising of 9 Taluks. For development purposes, it is divided into 19 Development Blocks

As per the 2001 Census, the District had population of 42.24 lakh, which is about 6.8% of the total State population. Of the total district population only 34% resides in rural area. The decadal population growth 1991-2001 was 20.40%, which is considerably higher than the State growth rate (11.2%). The details are brought in Table 2.4

Table 2.4 Demographic Indicators (in Numbers)

Item Persons Male Female
Population      
Total 42,24,107 2156280 2067827
Rural 1435036 727610 707426
Urban 2789071 1428670 1360401
Literates      
Total 2916996 1621164 1295832
Rural 840142 482666 357476
Urban 2076854 1138498 938356

The sex ratio for the district was 952 in 2001, which is less than the State figure (986). The population density of the district was 565. The literacy rate in the district was 76.7% and for male and female population it stood at 83.8% and 69.8%, respectively.

The ranking of the crops based on the area under cultivation (2000-01) shows that the highest area under cultivation is of Cholam (23.85%) followed by Groundnut (6.68%) Paddy (4.19%), Sugarcane (3.84%) and Cotton (2.33%). The main source of irrigation in the district was Tube wells and other wells. However, the percentage of gross area sown to gross are irrigated in 2000-01 was only 56.82%.

Coimbatore, traditionally an industrial giant in India, is the second largest industrial city in the State. It is popularly known as 'Manchester of South India' because of its heavy concentration of Textiles industries. The district has 3,333 registered factories, 299 large and medium 30,414 small-scale industries, 4587 cottage industries and several village and agro based industries. The district contributes 9.5% of the State GDP. There is large prevalence of Poultry farming in the district.

Thanjavur District

The district is located in the eastern part of the State and is situated between 9o 50' and 11o 25' of the northern Latitude and 78o 45' and 70o 25' of the Eastern Longitude. The district has an area of 3397 sq. kms.

Thanjavur comprises 3 Revenue Divisions consisting of 8 Taluks with 14 Development Blocks and 3 Municipalities.

As per 2001 Census, the District had a population of 22.05 lakh, which is about 3.6% of the total State population. Of the total district population, 66% resides in rural areas. The decadal population growth (1991-2001) was 7.38%, which is much lower than the State growth rate (11.2%). The details are brought in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5 Demographic Indicators (in Numbers)

Item Persons Male Female
Population      
Total 2205375 1091557 1113818
Rural 1457204 721677 735527
Urban 748171 369880 378291
Literates      
Total 1490568 825006 665562
Rural 920178 520560 399618
Urban 570390 304446 265944

The sex ratio for 2001 was 1020, which is higher than the State figure (986) and the National figure (933). The population density of the district was 649 indicating it is a densely populated district. The literacy rate in the district was 76.1% and for male and female it was 85.4% and 67.0%, respectively.

Agriculture is the main activity in the district. The principal crop grown in the district is paddy. The other main crops grown in the district consists of sugarcane, coconut, cotton, and groundnut. The percentage of gross area sown to gross area for the district was 80.5% in 2000-01.

As Thanjavur is predominantly an agricultural district. Of the total 14 Blocks, 11 blocks have been declared as industrially backward. The trade of the district mainly consists of rice, fish, handloom, metal works and handicrafts. Handloom industry occupies an important place in the economy of the district as it provides employment to more than 60,000 people. The district stands foremost in production of varieties of handloom fabrics of silk and cotton.

Habitation Profile

The demographic profile of the Habitations (as indicated by the respective PRIs) which were selected to assess the impact of the PMGSY road is brought out in Table 2.6

Table 2.6 Demographic Indicators (in Numbers)

S. No. Name of the District and Habitation Population Households
Total Male Female SCs/STs OBCs Total BPL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Kancheepuram District              
                 
  i. Pattumudayarkuppam Road (2.06 kms)              
  Pichivakkam 2574 1283 1291 1130 1435 515 216
  Pattumudayarkuppam 916 470 446 0 916 200 105
  ii. Singarathottam - Vandalore Road (0.60 kms)              
  Perungkalathur 19343 9923 9420 4075 0 5233 1674
  Singarathottam 1190 696 496 55 0 426 426
  iii. Manimangalam - Chettupattu Road 3.4 kms)              
  Manimangalam 3000 1800 1200 600 300 500 450
  Chettupattu 2300 1300 100 600 100 450 300
                 
2 Coimbatore District              
  i. Murugakoundanpudhur - Dindigul Bangalore Road (2.20 kms)              
  Murugakoundanpudhur 1126 683 443 345 486 254 24
  ii. Singalipalayam - Thimarayanpalayam Road (1.80 kms)              
  Thimarayanpalay 620 360 260 165 0 139 9
  Singalipalayam 1030 585 445 230 0 232 11
  iii. Madhyampalayam - Periyamalai Road (1.60 kms)              
  Madhyampalayam 1800 1100 700 350 1450 450 70
  Periyamalai 620 210 410 540 80 150 120
3 Thanjavur District              
  i. Samipatti - Karamanithoppu Road (1.40 kms)              
  Samipatti 847 466 381 315 532 288 85
  Karamanithoppu 740 407 333 0 740 250 107
  ii. Kollidakarai Road (0.92 kms)              
  Alamelupurampoodi 4500 3000 1500 100 3500 600 350
  iii. Marungai Road (1.92 kms)              
  Marungai 1320 800 520 100 1220 200 60
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