Annexure 3.1/4 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact of Construction of PMGSY Roads on Different Socio- Economic Parameters As Reflected in FGDs | ||||||||||||||
( District & Road Wise) | ||||||||||||||
( In Percentage) | ||||||||||||||
S.# | Indicators | Kancheepuram District | Coimbatore District | Thanjavaur District | ||||||||||
Road 1 | Road 2 | Road 3 | Total for 3 roads | Road 1 | Road 2 | Road 3 | Total for 3 roads | Road 1 | Road 2 | Road 3 | Total for 3 roads | |||
1 | AGRICULTURE | |||||||||||||
I | Increase in avalibilty of chemical fertilisers, seeds and peticides | 45 | 35 | 40 | 40 | 25 | 25 | 40 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 70 | 58 | |
ii | Changes in cropping pattern | 50 | 45 | 55 | 50 | 45 | 55 | 50 | 50 | 55 | 35 | 60 | 50 | |
iii. | Extent of increase in in multiple cropping | 20 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 25 | 30 | 15 | 25 | 20 | 20 | |
iv. | Increase in motorized agriculture vehicles and equipment | 10 | 5 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
v. | Changes in market assessed | 40 | 45 | 50 | 45 | 65 | 60 | 45 | 60 | 60 | 70 | 50 | 60 | |
vi. | Changes in prices for agricultural produce | 30 | 35 | 25 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 25 | 40 | 35 | 45 | 40 | |
vii | Increase in dairy production | 25 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 15 | 30 | 25 | 45 | 35 | 40 | 40 | |
viii | Increase in Poultry Production | 25 | 20 | 25 | 23 | 45 | 30 | 50 | 40 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 60 | |
2 | EMPLOYMENT | |||||||||||||
I | Increase in on-farm employment | 20 | 35 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 35 | 35 | 30 | 50 | 40 | 40 | |
ii | Increase in off-farm employment | 15 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 20 | 30 | 25 | 10 | 15 | 35 | 20 | |
iii. | Increase in employment oppurtunities outside the village due to greater mobilty | 40 | 20 | 15 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 35 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 20 | |
Note : The percentages pertain to the positive responses received in the FGDs | ||||||||||||||
S.# | Indicators | Kancheepuram District | Coimbatore District | Thanjavaur District | ||||||||||
Road 1 | Road 2 | Road 3 | Total for 3 roads | Road 1 | Road 2 | Road 3 | Total for 3 roads | Road 1 | Road 2 | Road 3 | Total for 3 roads | |||
3 | INDUSTRY | |||||||||||||
I | Improvement in access to raw materials | 15 | 10 | 35 | 20 | 20 | 35 | 35 | 30 | 45 | 45 | 60 | 50 | |
ii. | Changes in number of local industries | 55 | 40 | 55 | 50 | 40 | 25 | 40 | 90 | 90 | 120 | 0 | 70 | |
iii. | Changes in technology and designs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
iv. | Changes in employment patterns as a result | 25 | 30 | 35 | 30 | 40 | 30 | 35 | 35 | 50 | 60 | 40 | 50 | |
v. | Changes in agro industries | 20 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 45 | 45 | 30 | 40 | 35 | 40 | 15 | 30 | |
4 | HEALTH | |||||||||||||
I | Change in access to PHC and sub-centres | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 45 | 45 | 30 | 40 | 40 | 60 | 50 | 50 | |
ii | Access of Health workers for Preventive and curative health care | 150 | 80 | 70 | 100 | 75 | 125 | 100 | 100 | 35 | 45 | 70 | 50 | |
iii. | Changes in incidences of major diseases/illnesses | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 35 | 30 | 25 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 40 | 40 | |
iv. | Greater availabilty of vehicles to hospitals | 55 | 40 | 55 | 50 | 120 | 130 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
v. | Changes in percentage of Child birth in medical instituions | 25 | 30 | 35 | 30 | 40 | 45 | 35 | 40 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | |
vi. | Changes in neo natal mortality | 80 | 90 | 55 | 75 | 50 | 70 | 60 | 60 | 45 | 55 | 50 | 50 | |
Note : The percentages pertain to the positive responses received in the FGDs | ||||||||||||||
5 | EDUCATION | |||||||||||||
I | Increase in attendance of middle schools (boys & girls) | 20 & 15 | 20 & 15 | 20 & 15 | 20 & 15 | 15 & 10 | 15 & 10 | 15 & 10 | 15 & 10 | 25 & 30 | 30 & 30 | 35 & 30 | 30& 30 | |
ii | Increase in enrolment in high and plus two schools (boys & girls) | 15 & 20 | 15 & 20 | 15 & 20 | 15 & 20 | 15 & 20 | 15 &15 | 15 & 20 | 15 & 18 | 20& 20 | 20 & 30 | 20& 25 | 20 & 25 | |
iii. | Increase in changes in attendances for colleges | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
6 | SOCIAL ASPECT | |||||||||||||
I | Increase in Frequency of Govt. Functionaries visiting | 50 | 40 | 30 | 40 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 75- 100 | 75- 100 | 75- 100 | 75- 100 | |
ii | Improvement in response to emergency situations | 75 - 100 | 75 - 100 | 100 - 400 | 75 - 400 | 75 - 100 | 75 - 100 | 75 - 100 | 75 - 100 | 50 - 60 | 50 - 60 | 50 - 60 | 50 - 60 | |
iii. | Improvement in Government Services | 40 | 30 | 50 | 40 | 40 - 50 | 40 - 50 | 40 - 50 | 40 - 50 | 40 - 50 | 40 - 50 | 40 - 50 | 40 - 50 | |
Note : The percentages pertain to the positive responses received in the FGDs | ||||||||||||||
7 | TRANSPORT | |||||||||||||
I | Improvement in Public Bus services | Yes | No | No | 35% | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
ii | Inrease in taxis and commercial vehicles | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
iii. | Increase in ownership of cars, motor cycles and scooters | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
iv. | Changes in non motorised transport ( use of neumatic tryes in bullock cart) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 35 | 25 | 30 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
9 | URBANISATION | |||||||||||||
I | Increase in land Prices * | 50-200 | 25-100 | 25-100 | 25-200 | 59-100 | 50-100 | 100-300 | 50-300 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
ii | Increased sale of land for commercial use | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
iii. | Conversion of Kutchha ghouses to Pucca House | 25 | 25 | 40 | 30 | 35 | 45 | 40 | 40 | 25 - 50 | 25 - 50 | 25 - 50 | 25 - 50 | |
Note : The percentages pertain to the positive responses received in the FGDs | ||||||||||||||
* Increase in prices is as observed by habitants | ||||||||||||||
Case Studies
Case Study I
Name: Joyanti (32 Years)
Habitation: Pichivacum
Block: Sriperumbudur
District: Kancheepuram (Tamil Nadu)
Joyanti is a teacher by occupation and has two children - a boy of 6 years and a girl of 8 years. She makes an interesting case study, highlighting the impact of PMGSY on the life of people living in unconnected habitations.
Before the laying of PMGSY Road both her children were studying in the village school and Joyanti, though a teacher in the school, was not satisfied with the standard of education available to her kids. She always wanted them to go to a better school in the town but was helpless due to the absence of any connectivity and a bus services.
Remarkable change in Joyanti's life has been noticed after the PMGSY road connection was provided by the Government to Pichhivakkum habitation. Her dreams regarding the good education of her children haves come true. They have started going to a convent school after the road connectivity. Her children face no problem in traveling a few kilometers alone to acquire better education. They are now having interaction with the urban crowd and are getting introduced to the new world which was previously unknown to them.
Joyanti herself walks down to the market without any fear for getting fresh fruits and vegetables for her children. This enables them to have better quality of food at home daily. She is able to take her children for medical check-ups as and when required. Since mini-buses are easily available, she now takes them to the qualified doctors instead of quacks in the village. In short her children are enjoying better health, education and food after the PMGSY road and Joyanti feels that she is the happiest mother now. She thanks the Central Government for providing connectivity to their habitation through PMGSY road
Case Study II
Name: Padmawati
Habitation: Irular Colony
Block: Kandrathur
District: Kancheepuram (Tamil Nadu)
Padmavati and her husband are agriculture labourers by profession. She is 30 years of age and has studied till 10th class. Her family size is four. Before the PMGSY road was made, it took her nearly one hour to reach the workplace. Further, due to bad condition of the kutchha road, she faced lots of difficulties commuting on foot especially during the rainy season.
However, after the construction of the PMGSY road, she has bought a bicycle out of her own savings and is able to reach her place of work in almost 15 minutes. This has resulted in considerable saving of her time in commuting to her work place. As she does not face any traveling problems she feels mentally and physically relaxed. She is able to put in more hours of work which has led to almost 35%% increase in her monthly income. Her income has increased from Rs 700/- to Rs. 950/- per month.
As mentioned above, her husband was also an agricultural labourer and before the PMGSY road, he was earning about Rs. 1000/- p.m. However, after the coming up of the PMGSY road he has become self-employed and has opened a teashop. He is now doing good business and his income has increased to Rs. 1500 p.m.
The total family income has improved by almost 45%, which has increased their standard of living. They were very happy with the PMGSY road and expressed their gratitude to the Government for providing them road of a good quality
Case Study III
Name: Mr. Ramakrishna
Habitation: Karamanithoppu
Block: Orathanadu
District: Thanjavore (Tamil Nadu)
Ramakrishna (39 years) is a farmer and owns two acres of land. His family comprises six members including him. He has studied till class 8th.
Before the PMGSY road was constructed, he was growing paddy, groundnut and small quantities of vegetables in his fields. He was selling his produce through middleman only who used to visit the habitations as was unable to take his produce to the main market because of high transportation cost.
However with coming up of road under PMGSY, Ramakrishna has brought about a change in his cropping pattern. The PMGSY road has provided a good and short access to the main market. Further, the transportation cost has also come down. The distance to the sugar mill located near the main market has also reduced and is now only 10 kms away from their habitation. Accordingly, Ramakrishna has now started producing cash crops. He is growing sugarcane and lots of green vegetables like green chili, ladyfinger, and brinjal. He is now able to sell his produce in the main market and thus is able to fetch a good price for his produce. He is very happy that he no longer is dependent on middleman. As a result of the change in cropping pattern his income, which previously was Rs.4000/-, has now increased to Rs.6000/-. He is very contended with his present state and is highly appreciative of the road that was provided under PMGSY.
Case Study IV
Name: Mrs. Dhan Laxmi
Habitation: Murugakoundanpudhur
Block: Avinashi
District: Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
Mrs. Dhan Laxmi, aged 35 years and educated till 8th class, was a housewife prior to the PMGSY road. The road connection to the habitation provided under PMGSY has brought about a significant change in her life.
Before the PMGSY road she was busy with her household chores. In the free time she would just sit and gossip with other ladies. There was a perpetual shortage of money in their house. Her daughter could not study in the nearby college, as apart from the money shortage, the prevalent kutchha road was in bad condition and it was not safe for her to travel all alone to the college.
After the road under PMGSY was built, she decided to use her time fruitfully and started her own small business of taking green vegetables to the main locality for selling. This has given her financial independence to some extent. It has also improved her self-esteem
With the help of extra income coming to the family she has admitted her daughter to the computer science branch of the nearby college. It is now safe to travel as with the coming of road mini bus services have started plying on the road.
This has improved the socio-economic status of the family and because of her new venture, the total family income has increased by 50%
Case Study V
Name: Mr. Tirupati
Habitation: Alamelupurampood
Block: Budalur
District: Thanjavore (Tamil Nadu)
Tirupati aged 50 years is an agricultural labourer by profession. Before the road under PMGSY was made he used to walk to the fields where he worked. The time taken by him to reach his workplace was around 1 to 1.5 hours. During rainy season, because of the bad road conditions, he could not reach his workplace on some days.
After the laying of road under PMGSY, he has brought a bicycle. Now he goes to his work on the bicycle, which has resulted in considerable saving of his time. He has started putting in more hours of work daily. At present he works for eight hours a day instead of the six hours put in previously, which has contributed to an increase in his income. Before the PMGSY road, during off-season when the work was not available in the habitation, he used to sit idle at most times. Now on his bicycle, Tirupati is able to go to other habitations where work is available. Tirupati is now employed for nearly 11 months in a year as compared to 6 months previously. As a result of increase in his employment period, his annual income has increased from Rs.10,000/- to Rs.15,000/-.
Case Study VI
Name: Mr. Vanketesh
Habitation: Marungai
Block: Thanjavore
District: Thanjavore (Tamil Nadu)
Venketesh is 16 years old and is illiterate. He is a Physically Challenged boy. He is unable to walk since his birth. Due to his disability, he was not able to do any work and was generally confined to his home. He used to be very depressed and had little to look forward to.
However, Venketesh is completely a different boy after the PMGSY road was build. As a result of good connectivity provided by the PMGSY road, the frequency of NGOs visiting the habitation increased. One such NGO presented Venketesh a tricycle. Venketesh now is independent enough to move on his own and is more confident about himself. This has improved his self-esteem and he is thinking of starting his own small establishment like a tea or a grocery shop. He is trying for a bank loan. The provision of all weather road under PMGSY has brought a new ray of hope in his life.
Case Study VII
Name: Mrs. P.T Usha
Habitation: Samypattyp
Block: Orathanadu
District: Thanjavore (Tamil Nadu)
P.T Usha is a member of a Self-Help Group. The group comprises 20 members, all of which belong to BPL category. Before the PMGSY road was build the group had not started any activity and was only engaged in lending business. They were earning around Rs. 500 p.m
Once an all weather road connecting their habitation was made under PMGSY, the group members also thought of pursuing some other activity. They decided to venture into dairy business as because of good connectivity provided with the PMGSY road they had now an easy access to the main markets and other habitations. Due to the new road, they could easily sell the milk outside their own habitations / market and could get a better price. Also transporting milk to other places was not a problem now. Since starting the dairy business, they have bought a number of cows. Some of the members have even bought bicycles and are going on their bicycles to sell milk in the nearby habitations. This has increased their income considerably. Their income per month has increased from Rs.500/- to Rs.1500/- p.m. This increase in their income has given a new dimension to their lives and has provided a new sense of confidence in their abilities. PT Usha feels that with the rise in their standard of living, her status in the habitation has also improved. On her and on behalf of her group members, she expressed thanks to the Government for providing them such a good quality road through which they have been able to improve their lives.
Case Study VIII
Name: Mr. Raj Gopal
Habitation: Perungkalathur
Block: Kattankolathur
District: Kancheepuram (Tamil Nadu)
Raj Gopal is of 38 years of age and has his own business. His family consists of 5 members including himself. He was running a PCO shop before the construction of PMGSY road and was earning around Rs. 2000/- p.m.
After the construction of the road under PMGSY, there was a increase in his business as his shop got better connectivity with the nearby habitations also. People of nearby habitations started coming to his shop. Raj Gopal on seeing the increase in inflow of the customers converted a part of his PO shop in to a general merchandise shop. This resulted in further increase in his income. Now he is earning around Rs. 4000/- p.m. He has recently brought a television, a cycle and has also started sending his children to a better school. As a result of his increase in his income his over all standard of living has also improved. He was very happy that his habitation has been connected with the PMGSY road.
Case Study IX
Name: Mr. Varda Shekhar
Habitation: Madhampalayam
Block: Periyanakanpal
District: Coimbtore (Tamil Nadu)
Varda Shekhar is matriculate and his family size is four. Before the road under PMGSY was built he was running a "Pan and Biri" Shop. The shop did not belong to him. He had taken the shop on rent from the owner (Mrs. Sarojini) of the building where his shop is located at a monthly rent of Rs. 50/-
After the PMGSY road was made, Varda Shekhar saw an increase in his business prospects due to better connectivity. Utilizing the new opportunities that the new road presented, he converted his existing shop into a grocery shop. Now the number of customers visiting his shops has increased manifold. Simultaneously, the suppliers of various household articles have also started coming to his shop for delivery of goods. As a result there is a significant increase in his income. With his increased income, he has started paying more towards the rent to the shop owner i.e. Rs. 300/- p.m instead of the previous Rs.50 p.m. Therefore, the road under PMGSY has directly benefited Varda Shekhar and indirectly the shop owner Mrs. Sarojini. Consequently, the income and standard of living of both the families has improved.
Case Study X
Name: Mr. Arpata Swami
Habitation: Sengalipalayam
Block: Avinashi
District: Coimbtore (Tamil Nadu)
Arpata Swami age 30 years is a bus driver and was running a mini bus in the nearby habitations before the road under PMGSY was made. However, he was reluctant to cover this habitation due to the muddy road. He used to make only three trips before the road was made
After the road connecting this habitation was constructed under PMGSY, Swami has started making regular trips to this habitation. He said the road quality is good and accordingly, he saves a lot of time in a trip. As a result, he has increased his number of trips to 10. This has directly improved his business. He has also passed on the benefit of increase in his business to the passengers traveling in his bus by reducing the fare charged from them. Initially he was charging Rs. 2.50 per passenger, which he has reduced to Rs. 2.00 per passenger. This move on his part has only further enhanced his number of passengers. As his business volume increased, so has his income, which has gone up to Rs. 150 per day from the previous level of Rs. 120 per day. Further, Swami also has to incur less on maintenance of his bus as there is less wear & tear on the new PMGSY road. This has only further increased his margin of profit.
Case Study XI
Name: Mr. Ranganthan
Habitation: Thimarayanpalayam
Block: Avinashi
District: Coimbtore (Tamil Nadu)
Ranganathan, aged 35 years, is an ice cream Vendor. He is selling ice cream since last four years. He uses his cycle for selling ice cream. His sale of ice cream has increased since the road under PMGSY has been built. Prior to the PMGSY road, the Kutchha road conditions were bad which made cycling difficult and also time consuming. As a result, he could only cover six villages.
However, since the road under PMGSY has come up, the time taken by Ranganathan to go to different villages has come down. As a result his coverage in terms of number of villages has increased from six to ten villages. This has led to increase in sale of ice creams. His income has almost doubled as it has increased from Rs.50/- per day to Rs.100/- per day. He is an extremely happy and satisfied man now.